Carolyn Lejuste and David Etheridge | 11/02/20; revised on 1/04/21, 1/29/21, and 10/2/25
Part One: Preparation
For over 400 years, the United States and the Religious Society of Friends have both been burdened by the harms of systemic racism. In the past, some Quakers enslaved Black people. Some were abolitionists fighting the institution of slavery. Some were segregationists or civil rights activists. Quakers have not been “one or the other”; we have been all.
Today, some Quakers are speaking out against racism, police violence against Black and brown bodies, and the systems that perpetuate economic, educational, and health inequalities. But Friends have different understandings of how and where to stand up, speak up, and resist. Is it enough for one to believe they are not racist? Or is it imperative, as the author Ibram X. Kendi states in How to be an Antiracist, that we actively work to end racism?
The testimonies of integrity, equality, community, and peace guide our anti-racism actions. But Quaker testimonies are understood in different ways by various Friends. What does it mean for white Quakers to align themselves with People of Color who find it necessary to have an armed security force at their rallies? What does it mean to challenge Quaker traditions when they often work better for white Friends then for Friends of Color? What is the obligation implicit in the examination of white privilege and the lie of white supremacy to take specific action to change? Would this be an individual obligation, a communal obligation, or both?
Monthly and yearly Meetings may be grappling with these questions, or other questions. Some monthly meetings have found unity to write a Minute of Conscience. A Minute of Conscience is a public statement that supports or condemns a certain cause. It is written by a Quaker body as a whole. Before speaking together publicly, meetings must take steps to move together in unity. Below are some steps to consider and prepare as a Body.
to do the work of preparation before deciding to take the step of write a Minute of Conscience. Ways to prepare with discernment can include:
- View and discuss films that are made by BIPOC people.
- Add information in the newsletter about activities from Friends of African Descent as well as the FGC Ministry on Racism.
- Hire an outside facilitator to lead anti-racism workshops for the entire meeting.
- Hold monthly education conversations where Friends can learn and discuss the specifics of racism and how it works in our country.
- Establish a working group to eliminate the racial barriers that prevent involvement in your meeting.
- Create a meeting-wide Inclusion Assessment. Seek feedback from Friends of Color, and sit with that feedback.
- Offer financial support to Friends who attend anti-racism conferences and workshops. Establish a space for these Friends to bring information back to Meeting.
- Create book group to discuss Black Fire or other books by People of Color.
The work of anti-racism requires a willingness to learn and admit mistakes. For white people, it may require new humility to look directly at the roots of racism and how we perpetuate it. When Friends examine our lives through the lens of our testimonies, however, the experience of God within us grows.
Part Two: Writing a Strong Anti-Racist Minute of Concern
Beginning in 2015, Friends General Conference has acknowledged that living into the testimonies of integrity, equality, and community require that we take action to end racial injustice. Several meetings have been on journeys of becoming actively anti-racist.
When a meeting intends to become an anti-racist faith community, it records a Minute of Concern. A strong anti-racist minute of concen will include several parts. These are adapted from Philadelphia Yearly Meeting’s Faith and Practice (2018):
A description of the issue
This description often has an emotional impact on the reader. It may pull people into wanting to join the project. It is a plain statement of the truth. Here’s an example from Red Cedar Monthly Meeting: “America has never repented of its original sin: genocide and slavery.” Hopewell Centre Friends Meeting minute begins: “We abhor the death of so many people of color. We abhor the constant diminishment of the humanity of people of color…We believe we are in a revolutionary moment where change is possible and justice may be realized. We must recognize that our history and our culture have betrayed us, and we must take steps to build a Beloved Community.”
A specific request for public bodies
In the request, name public officials if applicable. State what change is preferred. A minute might say: “Our Quaker Meeting demands that Congress pass the Justice in Policing Act. We demand that you curtail the protections that shield police officers accused of misconduct from being prosecuted, and that you impose a new set of restrictions for law enforcement officers to prevent them from using deadly force.”
For example, Santa Barbara Friends Meeting “calls…on our elected officials, including the mayor and city council of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County Supervisors, State Assembly, and Senate members, to prohibit the use of lethal and non-lethal weapons by the police against demonstrators and the continuing disproportionate use of violence against Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. We call on our leaders to redirect police funding toward new investment in communities of color, toward mandatory civilian oversight, and toward alternative emergency response programs.”
A partial list from the Sierra Cascades Yearly Meeting includes: “We call for the immediate end to police violence…We demand the dismantling of current policing and criminal justice systems that enable and perpetuate racism.”
A set of one or more action steps
The actions can have both internal and external focus. The steps might address both individual and corporate action.
The minute from Sierra Cascades Yearly Meeting continues: “We recognize that our peace testimony cannot mean passivity, that we will stand up in advocacy and not remain silent on issues of injustice…We recognize the unequal burden Black, Indigenous, and people of color have suffered historically and presently in this racist society. We commit to providing reparative funds to begin to compensate for this inequity…We commit to promoting, supporting and participating in individual, local, and yearly meeting wide continuing education about Black history, colonialism, white privilege, and police violence…We recognize that words without action accomplish little. We commit to taking tangible action. We proclaim with American Friends Service Committee that we won’t stop until we dismantle the whole racist system.”
A public declaration of moral concern may include publishing the minute in a local newspaper or posting it on a social media platform. You may also want to share it with other Quaker Meetings within the Yearly Meeting, use it to speak to representatives in the state or national governing bodies as a way to open conversations on a variety of efforts to reform systemic racism, or offer it to Friends Committee on National Legislation to be used in national advocacy efforts.
The minute could commit a Meeting to seek alliances with community organizations who carry the same concern. It is an opening to live into our testimony of equality and stand with Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) communities. It may also be used to commit Friends to reflect on our own unconscious racism, and to join together to learn about racial history and white supremacy using discussion groups, or book and film groups.
A statement of accountability
In 2020, few of the anti-racism minutes reviewed for this article included statements about accountability. Here are a few ways to keep the work actively visible:
- A meeting may direct each of its committees to answer the question: “In what ways does this decision support our intent to become an anti-racist faith community?” Friends can read through committee minutes for evidence and ideas about answering that question.
- The annual State of the Meeting report can include anti-racist activities and actions.
- The Meeting newsletter can publicize community anti-racist activities in which Friends might participate.
- The Meeting can encourage individuals or groups to form “anti-racism buddies,” where Friends share their leadings and are encouraged to act upon them.
- Each Meeting for Business can include a report of anti-racist activities.
- The committee or group that proposed the anti-racism minute could commit to returning to Meeting for Business six months or a year later to assess how meeting and its members have done in fulfilling the commitments made in the minute.
Friends, the momentum for white people in this country to find a way through the fog of racism is upon us. Let us join this “second wave” of abolition, where our lives speak of justice lived into the Light.
Part Three: Navigating What Comes Next
“God sometimes takes us into troubled waters not to drown us, but to cleanse us.”
– LeCrae, Hip Hop Artist
When Quakers are called by Spirit to address racism both in our day-to-day lives and within our Meetings, the waters will be troubled. Addressing racism as a community is difficult and chaotic work for both Friends of Color and white Friends. Whether the troubled waters churn during the discernment of taking on the work or after the commitment to become an anti-racist faith community is made, there are predictable responses and behaviors that occur.
Expect strong responses, in meeting and online
Don’t be surprised if there is shame and bullying of one another (though it’s important to interupt these behaviors, and encourage everyone to use “I statements” when sharing their thoughts and feelings). Don’t be surprised that Friends step away from Meeting, both Friends of Color and white Friends. Don’t be surprised that Friends’ understanding of Quaker testimonies are individual and conflicting. Don’t be surprised when discernment seeps into social media (a place better built for education, not for the process of decision-making). Don’t be surprised that in times of struggle it is suprisingly easy to spread rumors (“this Friend told me…”). Don’t be surprised when leaders are attacked. Don’t be surprised when white fragility stops progress. None of these are fatal, and we owe it to our loved ones who are hurt most by racism to work through them.
Anti-racism conversations will expose important topics our Meeting may have avoided
It may be helpful to view these conversations through the lenses of trust and conflict. Here are some questions to ask for each:
Trust:
Do we trust each other to do our own work, especially when your work looks different from mine? Can you trust when I challenge a statement that I am not calling you a racist? Can we commit to an open conversation where we both listen to and hear one another’s experiences, knowing that we may not agree? Can we trust a third way might emerge if we turn to Spirit? Can we trust moving through the chaos will contribute to the work at hand?
Conflict:
Can we find ways to engage in conflict without demeaning each other? Can we agree that to change we must become comfortable with conflict? Can we do this work without blame? Can we listen to anger without becoming defensive? Can we stay at the table when things get emotional? Can we trust white Friends who have had difficult histories regarding race and racism to do their personal work wherever it takes them, even if that is outside of the Quaker Meeting?
Always be ready to listen and hear
White Friends, this part in particular is for us. As white Friends, can listen to and hear the experience of Friends of Color without defensiveness? Can we understand what we think of as normal life experience is not necessarily the normal experience of Friends of Color? Can we listen to the experiences of our Friends of Color with acceptance, rather than skeptism or disbelief? Can we receive the telling of that experience as a sacred gift?
White people live with a kind of cognitive dissonance of being lied to about racism in this country. Our fragility makes us ambivalent about practicing anti-racism. It is easier to profess “I am not a racist” then to integrate anti-racist action into our everyday life. If you are white there is work to do, whether you are just beginning to notice racism is not just an issue affecting People of Color or if you have been aware and working on race and racism much of your life. It takes humility to do this work. Once a white person recognizes how we have been deluded by the myths of equality and justice in our culture, we know our very soul is at stake if we don’t do the work.
At the same time, Friends of Color have their own paths to follow, their own work to do. Malcolm X said: “America’s greatest crime against the Black man was not slavery or lynching but that he was taught to wear a mask of self-hate and self-doubt.” People of Color are not divorced from the damaging influences of white supremacy culture, within and outside the Religious Society of Friends. Healing from internalized oppression, understanding intersectionality, and surviving institutional inequality happens when people with shared experiences listen to and hear each other. In our sacred faith community, when Friends of Color ask for a place of their own to worshop and have fellowship (virtually or in-person), all Friends must respect and protect that space.
Reflect on: What is Spirit asking of us?
Be aware of our language. Use the first person (I and we) rather than you and them. Allow space for each Friend to do their own necessary work. Provide multiple ways for Friends to engage with the work. This might be a monthly discussion group, a Meeting wide retreat, a book club, accountability buddies, writing letters, Showing Up for Racial justice (SURJ) or joining Black Lives Matter activities. Pastoral Care might offer individual conversations with Friends who are struggling or help form care committees. Bottom line, be appreciative of Friends who are courageously engaging with the work of becoming an anti-racist faith community no matter where they begin.
Remember the words of Isaac Penington
“…praying one for another and holding one another up with a tender hand.”
Transformation is not an orderly, neat thing; God will begin working with each person where they are. And our “learning edges” are wildly divergent. So, something that’s new and tender for one person will blunder into something uncomfortably obvious to another. The only constant will be that the challenges we present to each other will threaten identities (professional, personal, and relational) that most white people have built over lifetimes following what we now recognize as mistaken assumptions. But who are we if they’re not true? The tenderness and patience to accompany each other in frightening inner work has to be balanced with the urgency of the need to end newly glimpsed injustice.
A recent message given in Meeting speaks to understanding racism as a chronic disease. A Friend spoke of her teen age boy with asthma. He is an athlete who runs cross country. It is his passion. To do this, he must use the medical tools at hand. He must always carry an inhaler to use before and after a run.
Like this beloved child of the Meeting, we must find our inhalers, the tools available to us to become anti-racist. It takes inner strength of courage, trust and love to build muscles to paddle hard through troubled waters to find justice in our Meetings. This work, done with integrity, will deepen the Spiritual life of individual Friends and of our beloved community.
Carolyn Lejuste is a member of Red Cedar Friends Meeting in Lansing, MI. She served on FGC’s Institutional Assessment on Systemic Racism Task Force from 2016 to 2018. She served on the Institutional Assessment Implementation Committee from 2019 to 2020.
David Etheridge is a member of Friends Meeting of Washington in Washington, D.C. He serves on the Friends General Conference Institutional Assessment Implementation Committee.